RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral defense generates small interfering RNAs that
represent the entire genome sequences of both RNA and DNA viruses as well as viroids …

Viroids are one of the most enigmatic highly structured, circular, single‐stranded RNA
phytopathogens. Although they are not known to code for any peptide, viroids induce visible …

Virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs) generated by the host RNA silencing mechanism are
effectors of plant's defense response and act by targeting the viral RNA and DNA in post …

Viroids are small, non-protein-coding RNAs which can induce disease symptoms in a variety
of plant species. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the natural host of Potato spindle tuber …

Viroid discovery as well as the economic significance of viroids and biological properties are
presented. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies combined with informatics have …

RNA viruses and viroids exist and evolve as quasispecies due to error-prone replication.
Quasispecies consist of a few dominant master sequences alongside numerous variants …

Viroids are naked RNAs that do not code for any known protein and yet are able to infect
plants causing severe diseases. Because of their RNA nature, many studies have focused …

Viroids are small, circular, highly structured pathogens that infect a broad range of plants,
causing economic losses. Since their discovery in the 1970s, they have been considered as …

Viroids are non-encapsidated, single-stranded, circular RNAs consisting of 246–434
nucleotides. Despite their non-protein-encoding RNA nature, viroids replicate autonomously …

Viroids are tiny single-stranded circular RNA pathogens that infect plants. Viroids do not
encode any proteins, yet cause an assortment of symptoms. The following review describes …