In a healthy body, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants remain balanced. When
the balance is broken toward an overabundance of ROS, oxidative stress appears and may …

Although classically appreciated for their role as the powerhouse of the cell, the metabolic
functions of mitochondria reach far beyond bioenergetics. In this Review, we discuss how …

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

Reproductive capacity in women starts to decline beyond their mid-30s and pregnancies in
older women result in higher rates of miscarriage with aneuploidy. Age-related decline in …

For years, the consumption of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been considered
healthy, increasing longevity, and decreasing morbidities. With the assistance of basic …

Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-protein thiol in cells whose functions are dependent on
the redox-active thiol of its cysteine moiety that serves as a cofactor for a number of …

Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are generated in all
cells by mitochondrial and enzymatic sources. Left unchecked, these reactive species can …

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification are tightly
balanced. Shifting this balance enables ROS to activate intracellular signaling and/or induce …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O
2) are thought to be byproducts of aerobic respiration with damaging effects on DNA …

The free radical theory of aging postulates that the production of intracellular reactive
oxygen species is the major determinant of life span. Numerous cell culture, invertebrate …