The orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area in emotion, and
in the representation of reward value and in non-reward, that is not obtaining an expected …

Objective: A role for aberrant reward processing in the pathogenesis of depression has long
been proposed. However, no review has yet examined its role in depression by integrating …

Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world, but little is known about its
pathology. Currently, the diagnosis of depression is made based on clinical manifestations …

Neurobiological abnormalities associated with psychiatric disorders do not map well to
existing diagnostic categories. High co-morbidity suggests dimensional circuit-level …

Bipolar affective disorder is a common neuropsychiatric disorder. Although its
neurobiological underpinnings are incompletely understood, the dopamine hypothesis has …

Anhedonia, or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, is characteristic of depression,
some types of anxiety, as well as substance abuse and schizophrenia. Anhedonia is a …

Background Two objectives of the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative are to
identify (a) mechanisms that are common to multiple psychiatric disorders, and (b) …

Intact cognitive control or executive function has characteristic patterns in both behavior and
functional neurocircuitry. Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that a frontal …

Understanding the neural substrates of depression is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Here, we review recent studies of functional and effective connectivity in depression, in …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disease that is characterized by
depressed mood, diminished interests, impaired cognitive function and vegetative …