Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, lung cancer
incidence and mortality rates differ substantially across the world, reflecting varying patterns …

Executive summary Despite substantial progress in reducing the global impact of many non-
communicable diseases, including heart disease and cancer, morbidity and mortality due to …

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially
modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation …

Executive summary Around the world, populations are ageing at a faster pace than in the
past and this demographic transition will have effects on all aspects of societies. In May …

Importance The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD
2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local …

Over the past several decades, the incidence of early-onset cancers, often defined as
cancers diagnosed in adults< 50 years of age, in the breast, colorectum, endometrium …

Tobacco smoking is a major determinant of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide.
More than a billion people smoke, and without major increases in cessation, at least half will …

Background Despite compelling evidence on the health hazards of tobacco products
accumulated over the past 70 years, smoking remains a leading cause of death worldwide …

As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major
ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has …

Background The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk
factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively …