Lactate (La−) has long been at the center of controversy in research, clinical, and athletic
settings. Since its discovery in 1780, La− has often been erroneously viewed as simply a …

Since it became clear that K+ shifts with exercise are extensive and can cause more than a
doubling of the extracellular [K+]([K+] s) as reviewed here, it has been suggested that these …

Skeletal muscle and most other tissues possess a membrane transport system mediating a
coupled lactate and H+ translocation. Muscle possesses several lactate-proton transporter …

A number of studies have demonstrated considerable plasma volume changes during and
after exposure to different environmental and physiological conditions. These changes are …

In this study we analyzed the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in mammalian skeletal
muscle. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed that affinity-purified AQP4 antibodies …

Perturbations in K+ have long been considered a key factor in skeletal muscle fatigue.
However, the exercise-induced changes in K+ intra-to-extracellular gradient is by itself …

This review summarizes the main cellular mechanisms involved in potassium regulation in
plasma and skeletal muscle during exercise. The effects of exercise-induced hyperkalemia …

As the first step in the oxygen-transport chain, the lung has a critical task: optimizing the
exchange of respiratory gases to maintain delivery of oxygen and the elimination of carbon …

This review describes processes for the distribution of K+ ([K+]) and lactate concentrations
([Lac-]) that are released from contracting muscle at high rates during high-intensity …

ABSTRACT Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is the major water channel of the neuromuscular system,
but its physiological function in both perivascular astrocytes and skeletal muscle …