The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

Stroke is the second cause of death and more importantly first cause of disability in people
over 40 years of age. Current therapeutic management of ischemic stroke does not provide …

Genome-wide studies have identified genetic variants linked to neurologic diseases.
Environmental factors also play important roles, but no methods are available for their …

Neurons exhibit a limited ability of repair. Given that mechanical forces affect neuronal
outgrowth, it is important to investigate whether mechanosensitive ion channels may …

Animals employ diverse learning rules and synaptic plasticity dynamics to record temporal
and statistical information about the world. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying …

During development, endothelial tip cells (ETCs) located at the leading edge of growing
vascular plexus guide angiogenic sprouts to target vessels, and thus, ETC pathfinding is …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Several reports showed that mutations in different high‐risk ASD genes lead to ASD …

Developmental studies revealed fundamental principles on how organ size and function is
achieved, but less is known about organ adaptation to new physiological demands. In fruit …

During postembryonic life, hormones, including ecdysteroids, juvenile hormones, insulin-like
peptides, and activin/TGFβ ligands act to transform the larval nervous system into an adult …

The mushroom body (MB) is a computational center in the Drosophila brain. The intricate
neural circuits of the mushroom body enable it to store associative memories and process …