With the rapidly increasing availability of large genetic data sets in recent years, Mendelian
Randomization (MR) has quickly gained popularity as a novel secondary analysis method …

Instrumental variables can be used to estimate the causal effects of exposures on outcomes
in the presence of residual or uncontrolled confounding. To assess the validity of analyses …

In Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, where genetic variants are used as proxy
measures for an exposure trait of interest, obtaining adequate statistical power is frequently …

The methodology and application of Mendelian randomization to study causal mechanisms
in health and disease has developed dramatically over the past decade. New methods …

Abstract Motivation In recent years, Mendelian randomization analysis using summary data
from genome-wide association studies has become a popular approach for investigating …

The use of genetic markers as instrumental variables (IV) is receiving increasing attention
from economists, statisticians, epidemiologists and social scientists. Although IV is …

The standard approach for scientists to demonstrate causal relationships is to conduct
experiments in which everything is held constant except for the element that is suspected to …

Estimates of the marginal effect of measures of adiposity such as body mass index (BMI) on
healthcare costs are important for the formulation and evaluation of policies targeting …

High dairy protein intake has been found to be associated with increased prostate cancer
risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). To further …

Osteoporosis is a common age-related disorder leading to an increase in osteoporotic
fractures and resulting in significant suffering and disability. Inflammation may contribute to …