Women have a higher incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases than men, and
85% or more patients of multiple autoimmune diseases are female. Women undergo …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating central nervous
system disorder that is more common in women, with onset often during reproductive years …

Abstract The International Menopause Society (IMS) has produced these new 2016
recommendations on women's midlife health and menopause hormone therapy (MHT) to …

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during
development and throughout adulthood. They result from a complex and well controlled …

The gonads have long been considered endocrine glands, producing sex steroids such as
estrogens, androgens, and progesterone (P4) for the sole purpose of sexual differentiation …

Since publication of the results of the Women Health Initiative Memory Study demonstrating
that hormone therapy initiated late after menopause increases the risk of dementia in …

Being a woman is one of the strongest risk factors for multiple sclerosis. The natural
reproductive period from menarche to natural menopause corresponds to the active …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system inflammatory disease that leads
to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The third trimester of pregnancy, which is …

Oligodencrocytes (OLs) are the main glial cells of the central nervous system involved in
myelination of axons. In multiple sclerosis (MS), there is an imbalance between …

Background: A variety of autoimmune diseases, including MS, amplify sex-based
physiological differences in immunological responsiveness. Female MS patients experience …