Research efforts during the past decades have provided intriguing evidence suggesting that
stressful experiences during pregnancy exert long-term consequences on the future mental …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has high validity but has in the past
been criticized for being difficult to replicate. However, a large number of recent publications …

Recent studies in humans suggest that alterations in the activity of the neuroendocrine
system mediate the effects of psychosocial stress on fetal development and birth outcome …

Retrospective studies in humans suggest that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy,
associated with raised plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol may increase the likelihood …

Childhood environment can have a profound impact on brain structure and function.
Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to play a critical role in adaptive and maladaptive …

An increased incidence of anxiety, depression and attention deficits in children has been
linked to psychological stress during pregnancy. Subjection of a pregnant rat to stress at a …

Early life experiences, such as prenatal stress, may result in permanent alterations in the
function of the nervous and immune systems. In this study we have assessed whether …

The incidence of depressive illness is high in the United States and worldwide, and the
inadequacy of currently available drug treatments contributes to the significant health …

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews findings in preclinical research on the adverse impact of
parental depression on the development of offspring, with emphasis on the relevance of this …

Development represents a critical moment for shaping adult behavior and may set the stage
to disease vulnerability later in life. There is now compelling evidence that stressful …