Globally, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has quadrupled in the past three
decades, and diabetes mellitus is the ninth major cause of death. About 1 in 11 adults …

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) traditionally refers to abnormal glucose tolerance with
onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GDM has long been associated with obstetric …

Since the 2018 ISPAD guidelines on this topic, follow‐up of large cohorts from around the
globe have continued informing the current incidence and prevalence of co‐morbidities and …

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic associated with
increased health expenditure, and low quality of life. Many non-genetic risk factors have …

Despite being globally pervasive, racism, xenophobia, and discrimination are not universally
recognised determinants of health. We challenge widespread beliefs related to the …

The global nephrology community recognises the need for a cohesive plan to address the
problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In July, 2016, the International Society of …

The steep rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications go along
with mounting evidence of clinically important sex and gender differences. T2DM is more …

Childhood stunting is the best overall indicator of children's well‐being and an accurate
reflection of social inequalities. Stunting is the most prevalent form of child malnutrition with …

The prevalence of obesity-related glomerulopathy is increasing in parallel with the
worldwide obesity epidemic. Glomerular hypertrophy and adaptive focal segmental …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) estimates causal effects of modifiable phenotypes on an
outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables, but its validity relies on the …