Various gram-negative animal and plant pathogens use a novel, sec-independent protein
secretion system as a basic virulence mechanism. It is becoming increasingly clear that …

Eukaryotes often form symbioses with microorganisms. Among these, associations between
plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for the nitrogen input into various …

The 70-kb virulence plasmid enables Yersinia spp.(Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis,
and Y. enterocolitica) to survive and multiply in the lymphoid tissues of their host. It encodes …

Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium species are able to elicit the formation of
unique structures, called nodules, on the roots or stems of the leguminous host. In these …

Genetically, Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 and R. fredii USDA257 are closely related. Small
differences in their nodulation genes result in NGR234 secreting larger amounts of more …

Rhizobia—a diverse group of soil bacteria—induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules
on the roots of legumes. Nodulation begins when the roots initiate a molecular dialogue with …

Leguminous plants can enter into root nodule symbioses with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria
known as rhizobia. An intriguing but still poorly understood property of the symbiosis is its …

The symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium sp. NGR234 carries a cluster of genes that encodes
components of a bacterial type III secretion system (TTSS). In both animal and plant …

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and the closely related pathovar P. s. pv. maculicola
have been the focus of intensive research in recent years, not only because of the diseases …

▪ Abstract hrp genes control the ability of phytopathogenic bacteria to cause disease and to
elicit hypersensitive reactions on resistant plants. Genetic and biochemical studies have …