The advent of radial velocity (RV) and transit photometry method has resulted in the
detection of more than 5000 exoplanets since 1995. Of these detected planets, a significant …

This paper reviews current knowledge about the Earth's core and the overlying deep mantle
in terms of structure, chemical and mineralogical compositions, physical properties, and …

The nature of compositional heterogeneity in Earth's lower mantle remains a long-standing
puzzle that can inform about the long-term thermochemical evolution and dynamics of our …

Two large, seismically slow regions in the lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific
Ocean are sometimes referred to as “superplumes”. This name evokes images of large …

The short-lived radiogenic 182 Hf/182 W (t½= 9 Ma) and 146 Sm/142 Nd (t½= 103 Ma)
systems are useful tools to investigate differentiation processes in Earth's early history …

Hotspots are regions of intraplate volcanism or especially strong volcanism along plate
boundaries, and many of them are likely caused by underlying mantle plumes—localized …

After accretion and formation, terrestrial planets go through at least one magma ocean
episode. As the magma ocean crystallises, it creates the first layer of solid rocky mantle. Two …

The nature and origin of the two Large Low Velocity Provinces in the lowest part of the
mantle remain controversial. They have been interpreted as a purely thermal feature …

Diamonds, due to their inert and robust nature, encapsulate and preserve minerals,
recording the mantle substrate in which they form. Forming in the subcontinental lithospheric …

Chemical equilibration between two different assemblages (peridotite type and gabbro–
eclogite type) has been determined using basic thermodynamic principles and certain …