Cellular stress elicited by the toxic metal Cd 2+ does not coerce the cell into committing to
die from the onset. Rather, detoxification and adaptive processes are triggered concurrently …

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are one primary type of calcium (Ca 2+)
permeable channels, and those relevant transmembrane and intracellular TRP channels …

Cells use an exquisite network of mechanisms to maintain the integrity and functionality of
their protein components. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), these networks of protein …

Background: Recent reports suggested the involvement of oxidative stress-and endoplasmic
reticulum stress (ERS)-associated pathways in the progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) …

Podocyte loss plays a key role in the progression of glomerular disorders towards
glomerulosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Podocytes form unique cytoplasmic …

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is the major cause of life-threatening
complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Endothelial apoptosis plays a vital …

Finding new therapeutic targets of glomerulosclerosis treatment is an ongoing quest. Due to
a living environment of various stresses and pathological stimuli, podocytes are prone to …

Calcium/calcineurin signaling is critical for normal cellular physiology. Abnormalities in this
pathway cause many diseases, including podocytopathy; therefore, understanding the …

Injury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss
causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from …

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), proteinuria results in severe tubulointerstitial lesions,
which ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease. Here we identify 4-phenylbutyric acid …