The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Intensiometric genetically encoded biosensors, based on allosteric modulation of the
fluorescence of a single fluorescent protein, are powerful tools for enabling imaging of …

Recent advances in fluorescence imaging permit large-scale recording of neural activity and
dynamics of neurochemical release with unprecedented resolution in behaving animals …

Abstract Calcium ions (Ca 2+) are prominent intracellular messengers in all eukaryotic cells.
Recent studies have emphasized the crucial roles of Ca 2+ in plant immunity. Here, we …

Fiber photometry is a key technique for characterizing brain-behavior relationships in vivo.
Initially, it was primarily used to report calcium dynamics as a proxy for neural activity via …

Synaptic zinc ion (Zn2+) has emerged as a key neuromodulator in the brain. However, the
lack of research tools for directly tracking synaptic Zn2+ in the brain of awake animals …

Almost all physiological processes of animals are controlled by the brain, including
language, cognitive, memory, learning, emotion and so forth. Minor brain dysfunction usually …

Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative
focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last …

Metal ions intersect a wide range of biological processes. Some metal ions are essential
and hence absolutely required for the growth and health of an organism, others are toxic …

Recent progress in fluorescent protein development has generated a large diversity of near-
infrared fluorescent proteins (NIR FPs), which are rapidly becoming popular probes for a …