Significance: Proline metabolism has complex roles in a variety of biological processes,
including cell signaling, stress protection, and energy production. Proline also contributes to …

Applications of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in structural biology are reviewed. A
brief introduction of the SAXS basics is followed by the presentation of the structural features …

Proline has important roles in multiple biological processes such as cellular bioenergetics,
cell growth, oxidative and osmotic stress response, protein folding and stability, and redox …

Significance: Proline catabolism refers to the 4-electron oxidation of proline to glutamate
catalyzed by the enzymes proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and l-glutamate γ …

The radius of gyration is a fundamental structural parameter that is particularly useful for
describing polymers. It has been known since Flory's seminal work in the mid-20th century …

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) catalyze the NAD (P)+-dependent oxidation of
aldehydes to carboxylic acids and are important for metabolism and detoxification. Although …

Nucleotides comprise small molecules that perform critical signaling roles in biological
systems. Adenosine-based nucleotides, including adenosine tri-, di-, and mono-phosphate …

The aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily is a vast group of enzymes that catalyze
the NAD+-dependent oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. ALDH16 is perhaps the …

The bifunctional flavoenzyme proline utilization A (PutA) catalyzes the two-step oxidation of
proline to glutamate using separate proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and l-glutamate-γ …

Proline utilization A (PutA) proteins are bifunctional proline catabolic enzymes that catalyze
the 4-electron oxidation of l-proline to l-glutamate using spatially-separated proline …