Background: Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of
the most significant advances of modern civilization in fields as diverse as medicine …

Amazonian environments are being degraded by modern industrial and agricultural
activities at a pace far above anything previously known, imperiling its vast biodiversity …

Sea level rise (SLR) will increase adaptation needs along low-lying coasts worldwide.
Despite centuries of experience with coastal risk, knowledge about the effectiveness and …

This Report responds to the invitation for IPCC?... to provide a Special Report in 2018 on the
impacts of global warming of 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and related global …

Coral reefs underpin a range of ecosystem goods and services that contribute to the well‐
being of millions of people. However, tropical coral reefs in the Anthropocene are likely to be …

Human societies will transform to address climate change and other stressors. How they
choose to transform will depend on what societal values they prioritize. Managed retreat can …

Wind-generated ocean waves drive important coastal processes that determine flooding and
erosion. Ocean warming has been one factor affecting waves globally. Most studies have …

Sea-level rise will radically redefine the coastline of the 21 st century. For many coastal
regions, projections of global sea-level rise by the year 2100 (eg, 0.5–2 meters) are …

Abstract Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have long been recognized as some of the
planet's most vulnerable areas to climate change, notably to rising sea levels and coastal …

Despite their heterogeneity, small island developing states (SIDS) are recognized as being
particularly at risk to climate change, and, as they share numerous common traits, the United …