Influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. Although IBV has been
isolated from seals, humans are considered the primary host and reservoir of this important …

Influenza B virus (IBV) undergoes seasonal antigenic drift more slowly than influenza A
virus, but the reasons for this difference are unclear. While the evolutionary dynamics of …

Influenza A and influenza B viruses (FLUAV and FLUBV, respectively) cause significant
respiratory disease, hospitalization, and mortality each year. Despite causing at least 25% of …

Influenza A and B viruses are responsible for the severe morbidity and mortality worldwide
in annual influenza epidemics. Currently circulating influenza B virus belongs to the …

The Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 is spreading to numerous countries and causing many human
deaths. Although the symptoms in humans are mild at present, fears are that further …

Epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza B Victoria and Yamagata lineages
remained poorly understood in the tropical Southeast Asia region, despite causing seasonal …

Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the frontline actors in the innate immune
response to various pathogens and are expected to be targets of natural selection in species …

Influenza B viruses are responsible for significant disease burden caused by viruses of both
the Yamagata-and Victoria-lineage. Since the circulating patterns of influenza B viruses in …

Two influenza B virus lineages, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, are co-circulating in human
population. While the two lineages are serologically distinct and TIV only contain one …

Background To investigate the relationship between the selective pressure and the
sequence variation of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, we performed the …