Baseline glucocorticoid (cort) levels are increasingly employed as physiological indices of
the relative condition or health of individuals and populations. Often, high cort levels are …

As is the case with any metaphor, parental effects mean different things to different biologists—
from developmental induction of novel phenotypic variation to an evolved adaptation, and …

Chronic activation of the stress axis caused by long‐term uncontrollable and unpredictable
factors in the environment has been regarded as causing maladaptive and/or pathological …

In fluctuating environments, mothers may enhance the fitness of their offspring by adjusting
offspring phenotypes to match the environment they will experience at independence. In free …

Prey responses to high predation risk can be morphological or behavioural and ultimately
come at the cost of survival, growth, body condition, or reproduction. These sub‐lethal …

Early embryonic exposure to maternal glucocorticoids can broadly impact physiology and
behaviour across phylogenetically diverse taxa. The transfer of maternal glucocorticoids to …

Ecological and medical researchers are investing great effort to determine the role of M
aternally‐D erived S tress (MDS) as an inducer of phenotypic plasticity in offspring. Many …

Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds is the most current and comprehensive
account of research on avian reproduction. It develops two unique themes: the consideration …

The maternal environment exerts important influences on offspring mass/growth,
metabolism, reproduction, neurobiology, immune function, and behavior among birds …

Fluctuations in abiotic and biotic conditions exist in almost all habitats (Dunlap, Loros, &
DeCoursey, 2004; Stevenson et al., 2015). Some fluctuations like the alternation between …