Turner syndrome (TS) is a condition in females missing the second sex chromosome (45, X)
or parts thereof. It is considered a rare genetic condition and is associated with a wide range …

The ability of the body to maintain homeostasis requires constant communication between
the brain and peripheral tissues. Different organs produce signals, often in the form of …

Personality and cognitive function are heritable mental traits whose genetic foundations may
be distributed across interconnected brain functions. Previous studies have typically treated …

It is time to take on the challenge of investigating the complex effect of fluctuating female
hormones on injury risk as this offers a chance to improve female athletes' health and …

Despite the overwhelming female-predominance in chronic pain disorders, preclinical pain
studies have historically excluded females as research subjects. Male-biased explanations …

Anxiety disorders are common and highly distressing mental health conditions. Exposure
therapy is a gold-standard treatment for anxiety disorders. Mechanisms of Pavlovian fear …

Given the complexity of tumorigenesis, numerous studies have also shown that excessive
exposure to heavy metals increases the risk of cancers and disrupts the secretion of sex …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients demonstrate abnormal neural activation even
after complete remission. Many task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) …

Since the time of Darwin, theories have been proposed on the origin and functions of music;
however, the subject remains enigmatic. The literature shows that music is closely related to …

Sex steroids are essential for whole body development and functions. Among these steroids,
17β-estradiol (E2) has been known as the principal “female” hormone. However, E2's …