Background Since the placenta also has a sex, fetal sex–specific differences in the
occurrence of placenta-mediated complications could exist. Objective To determine the …

The factors controlling linear growth and weight gain in the human fetus and newborn infant
are poorly understood. We review here the changes in linear growth, weight gain, lean body …

Background Infantile colic may represent gastrointestinal distress, yet most definitions
emphasize excessive crying. Each may have distinct etiologies. Design/Methods In a pre …

Background Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy is associated with
adverse outcomes for mothers and offspring. Early, mid, and late pregnancy GWGs have …

Evidence from literature is mixed regarding a possible association of maternal gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight in the offspring. Sexual dimorphism, or sex …

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as impaired glucose tolerance
with onset or first recognition in pregnancy, increases the risk of not only maternal but also …

Abnormal placental function in maternal diabetes affects fetal health and can predispose
offspring to metabolic diseases in later life. There are fetal sex-specific differences in …

Robust evidence of fetal programming of adult disease has surfaced in the last several
decades. Human and preclinical investigations of intrauterine insults report perturbations in …

Maternal fat intake during pregnancy affects fetal growth, but mechanisms underlying this
relationship are unclear. We performed an exploratory study of the associations of fat …

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to the dysregulation of
inflammatory markers in women with GDM compared to women without. It is unclear whether …