Most women in the United States do not meet the recommendations for healthful nutrition
and weight before and during pregnancy. Women and providers often ask what a healthy …

Although prenatal alcohol exposure causes craniofacial anomalies, growth retardation,
neurological abnormalities, cognitive impairment, and birth defects, fetal alcohol spectrum …

In this comprehensive review, we examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations
assessing the effects of different forms of choline supplementation currently available …

The importance of ensuring adequate choline intakes during pregnancy is increasingly
recognized. Choline is critical for a number of physiological processes during the prenatal …

Background Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are
essential for human metabolism. Recent research has shown the importance of MNs in …

Non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and phenols,
are ubiquitous in both the environment and human body. A growing body of epidemiologic …

The foundations of neurodevelopment across an individual's lifespan are established in the
first 1000 days of life (2 years). During this period an adequate supply of nutrients are …

Background Faltering in linear growth and neurobehavioural development during early
childhood are often assumed to have common causes because of their consistent …

We studied associations between prenatal and early postnatal choline intake, brain
development, and neurocognitive function of children. We conducted a systematic review …

Background Despite the high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), there
are few interventions targeting its core neurocognitive and behavioral deficits. FASD is often …