Determining the psychological, computational, and neural bases of confidence and
uncertainty holds promise for understanding foundational aspects of human metacognition …

Metacognition–the ability to represent, monitor and control ongoing cognitive processes–
helps us perform many tasks, both when acting alone and when working with others. While …

We present a three-dimensional taxonomy of achievement emotions that considers valence,
arousal, and object focus as core features of these emotions. By distinguishing between …

In this article we review the literature on the phenomenology of retrieval from the personal
past, and propose a framework for understanding how epistemic feelings and metacognitive …

Confidence judgments are typically less informative about one's accuracy than they could
be; a phenomenon we call metacognitive inefficiency. We review the existence of different …

Interoception-the physiological sense of our inner bodies-has risen to the forefront of
psychological and psychiatric research. Much of this research utilizes tasks that attempt to …

Self-control describes the processes by which individuals control their habits, desires, and
impulses in the service of long-term goals. Research has identified important components of …

Learners use certainty to guide learning. They maintain existing beliefs when certain, but
seek further information when they feel uninformed. Here, we review developmental …

The ability to sense, monitor, and control respiration–eg, respiratory interoception
(henceforth, respiroception) is a core homeostatic ability. Beyond the regulation of gas …

Metacognition refers to a capacity to reflect on and control other cognitive processes,
commonly quantified as the extent to which confidence tracks objective performance. There …