In this review, the general background is provided on cyanobacteria, including morphology,
cell membrane structure, and their photosynthesis pathway. The presence of cyanobacteria …

Bacterial biofilms are aggregates of surface-associated cells embedded in an extracellular
polysaccharide (EPS) matrix, and are typically stationary. Studies of bacterial collective …

Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium responsible for meningitis and septicemia, proliferates
and eventually fills the lumen of blood capillaries with multicellular aggregates. The impact …

Bacterial biofilms are among the most abundant multicellular structures on Earth and play
essential roles in a wide range of ecological, medical, and industrial processes. However …

Objectives The aim of the project was to develop and characterise powders containing a
probiotic (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum [Lpb. plantarum], Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, or …

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of one of the most common sexually
transmitted diseases, gonorrhea. Over the past two decades there has been an alarming …

Microcolonies are aggregates of a few dozen to a few thousand cells exhibited by many
bacteria. The formation of microcolonies is a crucial step towards the formation of more …

Natural transformation, or the uptake of naked DNA from the external milieu by bacteria,
holds a unique place in the history of biology. This is both the beginning of the realization of …

Self-organization of cells is central to a variety of biological systems and physical concepts
of condensed matter have proven instrumental in deciphering some of their properties. Here …

Retraction of the pathogenic Neisseria Type IV pilus (Tfp) requires PilT, the primary
retraction motor, and its paralogs PilU and PilT2. The importance of Tfp retraction for natural …