Small airways disease (SAD) is a cardinal feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) first recognized in the nineteenth century. The diverse histopathological features …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are increasingly acknowledged as important mediators of
immune homeostasis and pathology. ILCs act as early orchestrators of immunity, responding …

Rationale: Understanding the role of the airway microbiome in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) inflammatory endotypes may help to develop microbiome …

Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory
tract infections and hospitalizations in infants worldwide. Known risk factors, however …

IL-17 cytokines are expressed by numerous cells (eg, gamma delta (γδ) T, innate lymphoid
(ILC), Th17, epithelial cells). They contribute to the elimination of bacteria through the …

Interleukin (IL)-17 is a T helper 17 cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of many
autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although IL-17A has a well …

The management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is fundamentally still
heavily dependent on the use of bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Therefore, there is a …

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a potent negative regulator capable of
restraining overactivation of the renin–angiotensin system, which contributes to exuberant …

The imbalance between pro-and anti-inflammatory immune responses mediated by Th17
and Treg cells is deeply involved in the development and progression of inflammation in …

The lung is a vital mucosal organ that is constantly exposed to the external environment, and
as such, its defenses are continuously under threat. The pulmonary immune system has …