A number of potential stressors are present in captive environments and it is critically
important to identify them in order to improve health and welfare in ex situ animal …

Salivary cortisol is regarded as a reliable parameter for the noninvasive assessment of the
welfare of animals, because it is strictly related to stress levels. Several methods are …

Due to considerable global decline in wildlife population numbers and species diversity,
because of various anthropogenic activities, conservationists increasingly rely on captive …

Despite the importance of ecotourism in species conservation, little is known about the
industry's effects on wildlife. In South Africa, some African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) …

African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) are an endangered species, with approximately
70,000 mature adults remaining in the wild. Population loss is linked to a combination of …

Measurement of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) has become a useful and widely-
accepted method for the non-invasive evaluation of stress in vertebrates. In this study we …

Simple Summary It is difficult to measure stress in penguins without actually causing stress.
Measuring the stress hormone corticosterone in the feces of penguins may be the most …

Monitoring adrenal activity can provide insight into an animal's physiological state and can
be assessed non-invasively via excreta (eg bird droppings). However, before this technique …

Anthropogenic activity is a major driver of seabird injury and mortality in the 21st century.
Although most seabirds perish within the natural environment as a result of human activities …

Simple Summary The African Grey Parrot is a very popular bird commonly found in
zoological collections. However, captivity can prevent it from meeting its natural needs and …