Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic inflammation of
the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma, a process that in most cases is …

Cigarette smoke-induced animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease support
the protease-antiprotease hypothesis of emphysema, although which cells and proteases …

E-cigarette flavored pods are increasing in use among young adults. Although marketed as
a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, the health effects of e-cigarette flavored pods …

When exposed to a specific microenvironment, macrophages acquire either M1-or M2-
polarized phenotypes associated with inflammation and tissue remodeling, respectively …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the
United States, and cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for COPD. Fibroblasts play an …

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading global cause of
mortality and chronic morbidity. Inhalation of cigarette smoke is the principal risk factor for …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, is elevated in cigarette smokers. To
determine whether IL-1β plays a role in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke–induced …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by cigarette smoking, and
is characterized by an increase in inflammatory cells in the airways and pulmonary tissue …

Fibrosis, apoptosis, and the exaggerated production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1
are juxtaposed in a variety of pulmonary diseases including the interstitial lung diseases and …

Th1 inflammation and remodeling characterized by local tissue destruction coexist in
pulmonary emphysema and other diseases. To test the hypothesis that IL-18 plays an …