Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research,
based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon and Hans Selye in the past …

The biological underpinnings for participation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) include evidence for cross-talk between the stress …

High intelligence is touted as being predictive of positive outcomes including educational
success and income level. However, little is known about the difficulties experienced among …

There is compelling clinical literature implicating a role for cytokines in the pathophysiology
of major depressive disorder (MDD). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are …

Increasing evidence suggests that cortical astrocytic function is disrupted in mood disorders
and suicide. The fine neuroanatomy of astrocytes, however, remains to be investigated in …

Women are roughly twice as likely as men to suffer from stress-related disorders, especially
major depression and generalized anxiety. Accumulating evidence suggest that microbes …

It has been hypothesized that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most
common treatment for major depression, affect mood through changes in immune function …

Acute stress increases the expression of cytokines and other inflammatory-related factors in
the CNS, plasma, and endocrine glands, and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways …

Appreciable evidence suggests that perturbations within the gut microbiome and the
immune system may play a key role in the pathogenesis of depression stemming from …

Stressful experiences typically have short-lived neuroendocrine and neurochemical effects,
but the processes leading to these biological alterations may be sensitized so that later …