Alterations of cell death pathways, including apoptosis and the neutrophil specific kind of
death called NETosis, can represent a potential source of autoantigens. Defects in the …

Formations of myofibers, osteoclasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and fertilized zygotes share a
common step, cell–cell fusion. Recent years have brought about considerable progress in …

The immune system struggles every day between responding to foreign antigens and
tolerating self-antigens to delicately maintain tissue homeostasis. If self-tolerance is broken …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released to maintain cellular homeostasis as well as to
mediate cell communication by spreading protective or injury signals to neighbour or remote …

Background Previous data have proven that microvesicles derived from hypoxia-induced
mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-MVs) can be internalized into endothelial cells, enhancing …

Background Microglia colonize the developing vertebrate central nervous system coincident
with the detection of developmental apoptosis. Our understanding of apoptosis in intact …

Overwhelming apoptosis combined with a deficiency in clearing apoptotic cells is thought to
be an important etiopathogenic event in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus …

Gandou decoction (GDD) is a classic prescription for the treatment of hepatolenticular
degeneration (HLD) in China; however, the liver-protecting mechanism of this prescription …

Billions of cells die every day in higher organisms as part of the normal process of tissue
homeostasis. During special conditions like in development, acute infections, mechanical …

Coordinated programmes of resolution are thought to initiate early after an inflammatory
response begins, actively terminating leucocyte recruitment, allowing their demise via …