The retinoblastoma protein RB and the transcription factor p53 are central tumor
suppressors. They are often found inactivated in various tumor types. Both proteins play …

Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 are critical mediators of cellular
transition into S phase and are important for the initiation, growth and survival of many …

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents about 15% of all lung cancers and is marked by
an exceptionally high proliferative rate, strong predilection for early metastasis and poor …

A fundamental goal in cancer research is to understand the mechanisms of cell
transformation. This is key to developing more efficient cancer detection methods and …

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)–RB–E2F axis forms the core transcriptional machinery
driving cell cycle progression, dictating the timing and fidelity of genome replication and …

Inactivation of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene is common in several types of therapy-
resistant cancers, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and predicts poor …

Tumor suppressor genes cooperate with each other in tumors. Three important tumor
suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, phosphatase, and tensin homolog deleted …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a deadly form of breast cancer due to the
development of resistance to chemotherapy affecting over 30% of patients. New …

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the major mechanism of protein function
regulation, play important roles in regulating a variety of cellular physiological and …

Protein phosphorylation, which regulates many critical aspects of cell biology, is dynamically
governed by kinases and phosphatases. Many diseases are associated with dysregulated …