A review of surrogate safety measures and their applications in connected and automated vehicles safety modeling

C Wang, Y Xie, H Huang, P Liu - Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2021 - Elsevier
Abstract Surrogate Safety Measures (SSM) are important for safety performance evaluation,
since crashes are rare events and historical crash data does not capture near crashes that …

Criticality metrics for automated driving: A review and suitability analysis of the state of the art

L Westhofen, C Neurohr, T Koopmann, M Butz… - … Methods in Engineering, 2023 - Springer
The large-scale deployment of automated vehicles on public roads has the potential to
vastly change the transportation modalities of today's society. Although this pursuit has been …

Autonomous vehicles that interact with pedestrians: A survey of theory and practice

A Rasouli, JK Tsotsos - IEEE transactions on intelligent …, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
One of the major challenges that autonomous cars are facing today is driving in urban
environments. To make it a reality, autonomous vehicles require the ability to communicate …

Communicating awareness and intent in autonomous vehicle-pedestrian interaction

K Mahadevan, S Somanath, E Sharlin - … of the 2018 CHI conference on …, 2018 - dl.acm.org
Drivers use nonverbal cues such as vehicle speed, eye gaze, and hand gestures to
communicate awareness and intent to pedestrians. Conversely, in autonomous vehicles …

Communicating intent of automated vehicles to pedestrians

A Habibovic, VM Lundgren, J Andersson… - Frontiers in …, 2018 - frontiersin.org
While traffic signals, signs, and road markings provide explicit guidelines for those operating
in and around the roadways, some decisions, such as determinations of “who will go first,” …

Designing the interaction of automated vehicles with other traffic participants: design considerations based on human needs and expectations

A Schieben, M Wilbrink, C Kettwich, R Madigan… - Cognition, Technology & …, 2019 - Springer
Automated vehicles (AV) are expected to be integrated into mixed traffic environments in the
near future. As human road users have established elaborated interaction strategies to …

Ghost driver: A field study investigating the interaction between pedestrians and driverless vehicles

D Rothenbücher, J Li, D Sirkin… - 2016 25th IEEE …, 2016 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
How will pedestrians and bicyclists interact with autonomous vehicles when there is no
human driver? In this paper, we outline a novel method for performing observational field …

Defining interactions: A conceptual framework for understanding interactive behaviour in human and automated road traffic

G Markkula, R Madigan, D Nathanael… - Theoretical Issues in …, 2020 - Taylor & Francis
Rapid advances in technology for highly automated vehicles (HAVs) have raised concerns
about coexistence of HAVs and human road users. Although there is a long tradition of …

Pedestrian-driver communication and decision strategies at marked crossings

M Sucha, D Dostal, R Risser - Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2017 - Elsevier
The aim of this work is to describe pedestrian-driver encounters, communication, and
decision strategies at marked but unsignalised crossings in urban areas in the Czech …

In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users: a review of surrogate safety indicators

C Johnsson, A Laureshyn, T De Ceunynck - Transport reviews, 2018 - Taylor & Francis
Surrogate indicators are meant to be alternatives or complements of safety analyses based
on accident records. These indicators are used to study critical traffic events that occur more …