This research synthesis examines whether the association between print exposure and
components of reading grows stronger across development. We meta-analyzed 99 studies …

Masked priming has a short and somewhat controversial history. When used as a tool to
study whether semantic processing can occur in the absence of conscious awareness …

Visual word identification requires readers to code the identity and order of the letters in a
word and match this code against previously learned codes. Current models of this lexical …

Provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on the science of reading, revised and
updated throughout The Science of Reading presents the most recent advances in the study …

Recent research has shown that letter identity and letter position are not integral perceptual
dimensions (eg, jugde primes judge in word-recognition experiments). Most comprehensive …

Recent studies suggest that performance attendant on visual word perception is affected not
only by feedforward inconsistency (ie, multiple ways to pronounce a spelling) but also by …

Abstract Transposed-letter (TL) nonwords (eg, jugde) can be easily misperceived as words,
a fact that is somewhat inconsistent with the letter-position-coding schemes employed by …

Most computational models of visual word recognition incorporate letter-position coding
schemes according to which transposed-letter (TL) nonwords (eg, jugde) are only …

Three eye movement experiments were conducted to examine the role of letter identity and
letter position during reading. Before fixating on a target word within each sentence, readers …

Three masked-prime naming experiments were conducted to examine the impact of
morpheme boundaries on letter transposition confusability effects. In Experiment 1, the …