The cytoskeleton is an interconnected network that provides support and organization to
cells. In eukaryotes, its main components include actin and microtubules, two types of …

From embryonic development, postnatal growth and adult homeostasis to reparative and
disease states, cells and tissues undergo constant changes in genome activity, cell fate …

Cellular mechanisms underlying the development of left–right asymmetry in tissues and
embryos remain obscure. Here, the development of a chiral pattern of actomyosin was …

When in equilibrium, thermal forces agitate molecules, which then diffuse, collide and bind
to form materials. However, the space of accessible structures in which micron-scale …

Actin filaments (F‐actin) are protein polymers that undergo rapid assembly and disassembly
and control an enormous variety of cellular processes ranging from force production to …

Many developmental processes break left–right (LR) symmetry with a consistent
handedness. LR asymmetry emerges early in development, and in many species the …

An item is chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. Most biological molecules
are chiral. The homochirality of amino acids ensures that proteins are chiral, which is …

Tissue morphogenesis is driven by coordinated cellular deformations. Recent studies have
shown that these changes in cell shape are powered by intracellular contractile networks …

Left-right (LR) asymmetry (handedness, chirality) is a well-conserved biological property of
critical importance to normal development. Changes in orientation of the LR axis due to …

The emergence of asymmetry from an initially symmetrical state is a universal transition in
nature. Living organisms show asymmetries at the molecular, cellular, tissular, and …