Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to
study the motivational effects of drugs and non‐drug treatments in experimental animals …

Background Initial hypotheses regarding the role of the κ opioid system in drug addiction
suggested that κ receptor stimulation had anti-addictive effects. However, recent research …

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disease in which drug administration becomes the
primary stimulus that drives behavior regardless of the adverse consequence that may …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Pain is a multidimensional experience and negative affect, or how much the pain is
“bothersome”, significantly impacts the sufferers' quality of life. It is well established that the κ …

κ opioid receptors (KORs) belong to the G-protein-coupled class of receptors (GPCRs). They
are activated by the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin (DYN) and expressed at …

The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system is implicated in the “dark side” of
addiction, in which stress exacerbates maladaptive responses to drug and alcohol …

The dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor system has been implicated in the pathogenesis and
pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders. In the present review, we present evidence …

Chronic early-life stress increases vulnerability to alcoholism and anxiety disorders during
adulthood. Similarly, rats reared in social isolation (SI) during adolescence exhibit …

Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning OPRD1 were examined in 1063
European Americans (EAs)(620 cases with substance dependence (SD), including 557 with …