In addition to its role as a sex hormone, oestrogen affects the structure and function of the
nervous system. Oestrogen receptors are expressed in brain regions that are involved in sex …

This review describes and summarizes the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on
the central nervous system, particularly on brain regions such as the ventrolateral medulla …

Our previous studies demonstrated that premenopausal women have dominant vagal and
subordinate sympathetic activity compared with age-matched men. This study was designed …

Estrogens are a family of female sexual hormones with an exceptionally wide spectrum of
effects. When rats and mice are used in estrogen research they are commonly …

Women are protected from stroke relative to men until the years of menopause. Because
stroke is the leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States, modeling sex …

Background Pretreatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) is profoundly neuroprotective in young
animals subjected to focal and global ischemia. However, whether E2 retains its …

Estrogen exerts many of its receptor-mediated neuroprotective functions through the
activation of various intracellular signal transduction pathways including the mitogen …

Aim Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is vital in inducing apoptosis via caspase-12 and
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) apoptotic pathway in the hippocampus after ischemia …

Lipoic acid (LA) is a known antioxidant currently used as a therapy in patients with vascular
and metabolic disorders. We tested the hypothesis that lipoic acid is protective against the …

SUMMARY 1 In recent years, the role of oestrogen in women's health has been a subject of
considerable scientific and popular debate. There is unquestionable evidence that …