Each year approximately 1.7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the US
alone. Associated with these head injuries is a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric …

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and it is widely accepted to
play a role in synaptic plasticity and excitotoxic cell death. Glutamate binds to several …

Inflammation is an important mediator of secondary neurological injury after traumatic brain
injury (TBI). Endocannabinoids, endogenously produced arachidonate based lipids, have …

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for cellular energy production. Besides,
regulating energy homeostasis, mitochondria are responsible for calcium homeostasis …

The survival and function of brain cells requires uninterrupted ATP synthesis. Different brain
structures subserve distinct neurological functions, and therefore have different energy …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a traumatically induced structural injury or
physiological disruption of brain function as a result of external forces, leading to adult …

Abstract Gypenoside XVII (GP‐17), a tetracyclic triterpene saponin isolated from the
functional food Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has been demonstrated protective effects …

Nearly three million people in the USA suffer traumatic brain injury (TBI) yearly; however,
there are no pre-or post-TBI treatment options available. KCNQ2-5 voltage-gated K+ …

Defective brain hormonal signaling and autophagy have been associated with
neurodegeneration after brain insults, characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive …

Background Maternal smoking can lead to perturbations in central metabolic regulators such
as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) signalling components in …