The fifth cranial nerve is the common denominator for many headaches and facial pain
pathologies currently known. Projecting from the trigeminal ganglion, in a bipolar manner, it …

Background Migraine is a highly prevalent primary headache disorder. Despite a high
burden of disease, key disease mechanisms are not entirely understood. Functional …

The human brainstem plays a central role in connecting the cerebrum, the cerebellum and
the spinal cord to one another, hosting relay nuclei for afferent and efferent signaling, and …

The patient-clinician interaction can powerfully shape treatment outcomes such as pain but
is often considered an intangible “art of medicine” and has largely eluded scientific inquiry …

Objective To determine if migraine with aura is associated with neuroinflammation, which
has been suggested by preclinical models of cortical spreading depression (CSD) as well as …

Migraine pathophysiology includes altered brainstem excitability, and recent
neuromodulatory approaches aimed at controlling migraine episodes have targeted key …

Background Previous functional MRI studies have revealed that ongoing clinical pain in
different chronic pain syndromes is directly correlated to the connectivity strength of the …

Background Increasing evidence has suggested that the cerebellum is associated with pain
and migraine. In addition, the descending pain system of the brainstem is the major site of …

The brainstem is known to be an important brain area for nociception and pain processing,
and both relaying and coordinating signaling between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal …

Background: Hypothesis-driven functional connectivity (FC) analyses have revealed
abnormal functional interaction of regions or networks involved in pain processing in …