Nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria contain diverse cargo and transfer
intercellular bioactive molecules to cells. Due to their favorable intercellular interactions, cell …

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are nano-sized, lipid membrane-delimited particles
filled with bacteria-derived components. They have important roles in the physiology and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles secreted from
almost all types of cells including bacteria, mammals and plants, and are presumed to be …

Cancer immunotherapies including cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade or
chimeric antigen receptor T cells have been exploited as the attractive treatment modalities …

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cell membrane-coated nanocarriers
actively targeting tumor sites are known to circumvent the limitations of conventional …

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and
destruction of structure, which can easily lead to fragility fractures. Over the past decade, an …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment by combining light and a photosensitizer to
generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for cellular damage, and is used to treat cancer …

Gram‐negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with 10 to 300 nm of
diameter. The contribution of OMVs to bacterial pathogenesis is a topic of great interest, and …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are potent immuno-stimulating agents and have
the potentials to be bioengineered as platforms for antitumor nanomedicine. In this study …

After centuries of development, using vaccination to stimulate immunity has become an
effective method for prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases including infective …