Insulin, a key peptide hormone that conjointly with its receptor regulates blood glucose
levels, is used as the major means to treat diabetes. This therapeutic hormone may undergo …

The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is the key promoter of
growth in vertebrates; however, how this system modulates muscle mass in fish is just …

The insulin/insulin-like growth factor system (IIGFs) plays a fundamental role in the
regulation of prenatal and postnatal growth, metabolism and homeostasis. As a …

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have pleiotropic roles in embryonic and postnatal growth
and differentiation. Most serum IGFs are bound in a ternary complex with IGF-binding protein …

Metabolic traits of macrophages can be rewired by insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2);
however, how IGF2 modulates macrophage cellular dynamics and functionality remains …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of metabolic disorders including
obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. Here, we report that 27 microRNAs …

The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) is clinically significant in
the treatment of patients with lysosomal storage diseases because it functions in the …

Spermatogenesis is a cellular developmental process characterized by the coordinated
proliferation and differentiation activities of somatic and germ cells in order to produce a …

Background Optimal size at birth dictates perinatal survival and long-term risk of developing
common disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The …

The insulin/insulin-like signaling and target of rapamycin (IIS/TOR) network regulates
lifespan and reproduction, as well as metabolic diseases, cancer, and aging. Despite its vital …