Osteoporosis is characterized by an alteration of bone microstructure with a decreased bone
mineral density, leading to the incidence of fragility fractures. Around 200 million people are …

During the course of evolution, bacteria have developed an intimate relationship with
humans colonizing specific body sites at the interface with the body exterior and …

Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with an altered microbiota in senile
osteoporosis. However, the relationship among gut microbiota, BMD and bone metabolic …

Object: Primary osteoporosis (PO) is the most common bone disease, which is characterized
by decreased bone mass, damage of bone tissue microstructure, increased bone fragility …

During the last 20 years, a new field of research delineating the importance of the microbiota
in health and diseases has emerged. Inappropriate host-microbiota interactions have been …

The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms, consisting of bacteria,
fungi, and viruses, known as the “second gene pool” of the human body. In recent years, the …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal diseases characterized by
degeneration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial membrane …

Purpose Low back pain (LBP), a widely prevalent and costly disease around the world, is
mainly caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). Although numerous factors …

Although medium and high doses of lactulose are used routinely for the treatment of
constipation and hepatic encephalopathy, respectively, a wealth of evidence demonstrates …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered one of the most common joint disorders worldwide and its
prevalence is constantly increasing due to the global longevity and changes in eating habits …