Dissections or ruptures of aortic aneurysms remain a leading cause of death in the
developed world, with the majority of deaths being preventable if individuals at risk are …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of the TGF-β family of growth and
differentiation factors, which is encoded by 33 genes in mammals and comprises homo-and …

Abstract Aim The “2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic
Disease” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the diagnosis, genetic evaluation …

Aortic aneurysm is a chronic disease characterized by localized expansion of the aorta,
including the ascending aorta, arch, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta. Although aortic …

Background: Thoracic aortic aneurysms progressively enlarge and predispose to acute
aortic dissections. Up to 25% of individuals with thoracic aortic disease harbor an underlying …

Despite breakthroughs achieved with cancer checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT), many
patients do not respond to anti–programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) due to primary or acquired …

Loeys–Dietz syndrome is a connective tissue disorder predisposing individuals to aortic and
arterial aneurysms. Presenting with a wide spectrum of multisystem involvement, medical …

Thoracic aortic diseases that involve progressive enlargement, acute dissection, or rupture
are influenced by the hemodynamic loads and mechanical properties of the wall. We have …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has long been implicated in fibrotic diseases, including
the multisystem fibrotic disease systemic sclerosis (SSc). Expression of TGF-β-regulated …

Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a potentially life-threatening condition in that it places patients at
risk for aortic dissection or rupture. However, our modern understanding of the pathogenesis …