Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the
main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the …

Systems medicine has a mechanism-based rather than a symptom-or organ-based
approach to disease and identifies therapeutic targets in a nonhypothesis-driven manner. In …

Abstract Nuclear Factor-Erythroid Factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that
regulates the expression of large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 is …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is tremendously important for mammalian immunity and cellular
homeostasis. The role of TNF as a master regulator in balancing cell survival, apoptosis and …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder that has been
diagnosed in an increasing number of children around the world. Existing data suggest that …

In most tissues, cells are exposed to frequent changes in levels of oxidative stress and
inflammation. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) …

Abstract The Keap1–Nrf2–ARE ((Kelch‐like ECH‐Associating protein 1) nuclear factor
erythroid 2 related factor 2‐antioxidant response element) pathway is one of the most …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the number one neurovegetative disease, but its treatment
options are relatively few and ineffective. In efforts to discover new strategies for AD therapy …

Pathological pain can be initiated after inflammation and/or peripheral nerve injury. It is a
consequence of the pathological functioning of the nervous system rather than only a …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are predicted to be the biggest health concern in this
century and the second leading cause of death by 2050. The main risk factor of these …