Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has recently gained
relevance in treating different psychiatric disorders. Limited evidence suggests that the …

In spite of the extensive application of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), how it works remains
unclear. So far, researchers have made great efforts in figuring out the mechanisms …

A high rate of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) does not sufficiently respond to antipsychotic
medication, which is associated with relapses and poor outcomes. Chronic peripheral …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan has been implicated in the pathogenesis of
schizophrenia and its interaction with the immune system has been suggested to play a role …

This study aimed at evaluating the treatment effects with ketamine, electroconvulsive
stimulation (ECS), escitalopram, alone or in combination in adult rats of both sexes …

Aim There is a great interest in the role of the immune system and the inflammatory balance
as key mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of severe mental disorders. Previous …

Objectives Despite the decline in the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with
schizophrenia, ECT augmentation is still recommended for those with poor response to …

Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder that has detrimental effects on a
significant portion of the global population. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as a safe and …

Psychotic and mood disorders are discussed as part of the same continuum. The potential
role of immune dysregulation in defining their clinical presentations, however, remains …

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is based on conducting an electrical current through the
brain to stimulate it and trigger generalized convulsion activity with therapeutic ends. Due to …