Viral pathogens often induce strong effector CD4+ T cell responses that are best known for
their ability to help B cell and CD8+ T cell responses. However, recent studies have …

The host response to viruses includes multiple cell types that have regulatory function. Most
information focuses on CD 4+ regulatory T cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3+ …

The establishment of viral persistence generally requires evasion of the host CD8+ T cell
response. Here we describe a form of evasion wherein the CD8+ T cells are fully capable of …

Normal levels of CD4+ regulatory T cells are critical for the maintenance of immunological
homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmune diseases. However, we now show that the …

Suppressor T cell is an old term, originally found in the 1970s literature (49, 50), but it was
short-lived because advances in molecular biology soon afterward proved that the gene …

Th1 and Th17 subtype effector CD4+ T cells are thought to play a critical role in the
pathogenesis of human and experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis. The time course …

CD4+ T cells play an important role in immune responses against pathogens and cancer
cells. Although their main task is to provide help to other effector immune cells, a growing …

IL-12, IL-23 and IFN-γ form a loop and have been thought to play a crucial role against
infectious viruses, which are the prototype of “intracellular” pathogens. In the last 10 years …

Immunity to viruses must be tightly controlled to avoid pathology. Receptors and ligands of
the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family play important roles in controlling lymphocyte …

The immune correlates of protection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
infection remain poorly defined, particularly the contribution of CD4+ T cells. Here we …