A vision model with general-purpose object-level 3D understanding should be capable of
inferring both 2D (eg, class name and bounding box) and 3D information (eg, 3D location …

For vision-language models (VLMs), understanding the dynamic properties of objects and
their interactions within 3D scenes from video is crucial for effective reasoning. In this work …

Grounded Visual Question Answering systems place heavy reliance on substantial
computational power and data resources in pretraining. In response to this challenge, this …