Background: Botulinum toxin has been in use since the 1970s. Over the last few years, the
indications for botulinum toxin use have extended for cosmetic and noncosmetic …

Uses of botulinum toxin injection in medicine today | The BMJ Skip to main content Intended
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Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin
produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum elaborates eight …

Botulinum toxin (BTX), a purified form of the neurotoxin responsible for botulism, is used
worldwide for the treatment of abnormal muscle contractions. The ability of BTX to block …

We performed a randomized double‐blind study within‐group comparison in 11 patients to
study the effect of subcutaneous injections of botulinum A toxin in focal hyperhidrosis of the …

▪ Abstract Toxins are increasingly being used as valuable tools for analysis of cellular
physiology, and some are used medicinally for treatment of human diseases. In particular …

Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most frequent form of focal dystonia. Symptoms often result in
pain and functional disability. Local injections of botulinum neurotoxin are currently the …

For more than three decades, Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used to treat a variety
of clinical conditions such as spastic or dystonic disorders by inducing a temporary paralysis …

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) has been shown to be a safe and effective treament for focal
or segmental muscle overactivity, including spasticity. Local injections of BTX‐A are …

Cervical dystonia is a neurological movement disorder causing abnormal posture of the
head. It may be accompanied by involuntary movements which are sometimes tremulous …