Less than a year after the global emergence of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a novel
vaccine platform based on mRNA technology was introduced to the market. Globally, around …

Some medically important viruses―including retroviruses, flaviviruses, coronaviruses, and
herpesviruses―code for a protease, which is indispensable for viral maturation and …

Viruses and their hosts have coevolved for a long time. This coevolution places both the
pathogen and the human immune system under selective pressure; on the one hand, the …

The focused ion beam (FIB) is a powerful tool for fabrication, modification, and
characterization of materials down to the nanoscale. Starting with the gallium FIB, which was …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus–2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the respiratory
tract, where it infects the alveoli epithelial lining. However, patients have sequelae that …

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, has been shown to cause
immune suppression in certain individuals. This can manifest as a reduced ability of the …

The global acceptance of the SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission led to prevention
measures based on quality control and air renewal. Among them, carbon dioxide (CO2) …

In multicellular organisms, interactions between cells and intercellular communications form
the very basis of the organism's survival, the functioning of its systems, the maintenance of …

Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are emerging
rapidly and offer surfaces that are optimized for recognition of host cell membranes while …

Polyclonal B cell activation and the resulting hypergammaglobulinemia are a detrimental
consequence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL); however, the mechanisms underlying this …