Oxidation of iron-rich rock is known to generate H2 in oceanic as well as in continental
domains. Here we tested the possibility of H2 generation as the result of weathering of …

Ecosystem engineers are organisms able to modify their environment by changing the
distribution of materials and energy, with effects on biotic and abiotic ecosystem …

Caves are among the most important roosts of hundreds of bat species worldwide. However,
caves can be formed in different lithologies. Cave structure and characteristics, which are …

Iron Formations (IF) are threatened by mining, particularly the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum
(MSS), an understudied subterranean environment. We evaluate the spatiotemporal …

Most cave formation requires mass separation from a host rock in a process that operates
outward from permeable pathways to create the cave void. Given the poor solubility of Fe (III) …

Abstract Ferricretes (“cangas”) in southeastern Brazil are hardened iron-rich layers that
usually cover the itabirites of the Cauê Formation of the Iron Quadrangle–a world-class …

Iron Formations (IF) are among the most threatened environments due to the extensive
mining activities. Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) in IF represents a poorly known …

Over 3000 iron formation caves (IFCs) have formed in erosion-resistant Fe (III)-rich rocks
throughout Brazil. Microbial Fe (III) reduction occurs in IFCs, where a microbe-rich, Fe (III) …

Abstract Over 3,000 iron formation caves (IFCs) have formed in erosion-resistant Fe (III)-rich
rocks throughout Brazil. These rocks include banded iron formation (BIF) and canga …

Banded iron formations (BIFs) are regarded as enigmatic hydrogenous sedimentary rocks
composed of layered iron and silica-rich minerals with total iron (Fe) content greater than 15 …