Metabolic programming is emerging as a critical mechanism to alter immune cell activation,
differentiation and function. Targeting metabolism does not completely suppress or activate …

Tumors are composed of abnormally transformed cell types and tissues that differ from
normal tissues in their genetic and epigenetic makeup, metabolism, and immunology …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, although vital for immune homeostasis, also represent a major
barrier to anti-cancer immunity, as the tumour microenvironment (TME) promotes the …

It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only
recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor …

Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the normal physiological functions of an
organism, ultimately leading to mortality. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common
neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), presenting a broad range of symptoms from motor …

Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate‐limiting step in the
degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are fundamental for the initiation and maintenance of immune
responses against malignant cells. Despite the unique potential of DCs to elicit robust …

Dysregulation of cancer cell metabolism contributes to abnormal cell growth, the biological
end point of cancer. We review here numerous affected oncogenes and metabolic pathways …

Currently, a marked number of clinical trials on cancer treatment have revealed the success
of immunomodulatory therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors that activate tumor …