Inflammasomes are multiprotein signalling platforms that control the inflammatory response
and coordinate antimicrobial host defences. They are assembled by pattern-recognition …

The NF-κB transcription factor was discovered 30 years ago and has since emerged as the
master regulator of inflammation and immune homeostasis. It achieves this status by means …

Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal
integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF …

Studies that bridge innate immunity and various diseases are making rapid advances.
Macrophages and dendritic cells play a leading role in innate immunity, using pattern …

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host.
Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular …

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved
structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses …

The mammalian immune system has innate and adaptive components, which cooperate to
protect the host against microbial infections. The innate immune system consists of …

The ability to sense and adjust to the environment is crucial to life. For multicellular
organisms, the ability to respond to external changes is essential not only for survival but …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved innate receptors expressed in
various immune and non-immune cells of the mammalian host. TLRs play a crucial role in …

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. A family of Toll-like
receptors (TLRs) acts as primary sensors that detect a wide variety of microbial components …