The mammalian alimentary tract harbors hundreds of species of commensal
microorganisms (microbiota) that intimately interact with the host and provide it with genetic …

In mammals, the gastrointestinal tract harbors an extraordinarily dense and complex
community of microorganisms. The gut microbiota provide strong selective pressure to the …

IL-17-producing T lymphocytes have been recently shown to comprise a distinct lineage of
proinflammatory T helper cells, termed Th17 cells, that are major contributors to autoimmune …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with spontaneous antitumor activity, and they
produce interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that primes immune responses. Whereas T helper cell subsets …

The interleukin (IL) 17 family of cytokines has emerged to be critical for host defense as well
as the pathogenesis of autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, and serves to link …

Over the recent past, the importance of aberrant immune cell activation as one of the
contributing mechanisms to the development of insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) …

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is generated in the gut by both T cell-dependent and T cell-
independent processes. The sites and the mechanisms for T cell-independent IgA synthesis …

TH17 cells are the newest member of the TH cell family and are characterized by their ability
to produce specific cytokines such as IL-17, IL-22, IL-17F, and CCL20. In this review …

The human fetus lives in a germ-free intrauterine environment and enters the outside world
containing microorganisms from several sources, resulting in gut colonization. Full-term …

Secondary lymphoid organs develop during embryogenesis or in the first few weeks after
birth according to a highly coordinated series of interactions between newly emerging …